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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal configuration effect of the determinants of tourism entrepreneurship in rural tourism destinations based on the capital framework.

The data for this research were collected from a sample comprising 140 rural enterprise owners in China and analyzed via fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.

All the investigated capital factors were relevant to tourism entrepreneurship, although they only facilitated tourism entrepreneurship when combined. It was observed here that four capital configurations promoted tourism entrepreneurship in rural destinations, highlighting the multiple paths toward rural tourism entrepreneurship. The human and physical capitals of entrepreneurs were key to tourism entrepreneurship.

It is relevant for entrepreneurs and managers to realize that there are multiple strategies for promoting tourism entrepreneurship in rural destinations. The four capital configurations revealed here offer guidelines for evaluating the potential and possibility of rural tourism entrepreneurship. Local managers and governments must prioritize human and physical capitals when the venture capital and resources are limited.

First, the findings of this study deepened the understanding of the factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship using the capital framework. Second, it revealed that capital configurations determined tourism entrepreneurship and that existence and interactions of the various forms of capital affect rural entrepreneurship. Third, this study revealed that the success of tourism entrepreneurship depends on the entrepreneur’s ability to combine the various forms of capital and resources.

本研究旨在基于资本框架研究乡村目的地旅游创业决定因素的因果组态效应。

本研究的数据来源于中国140家乡村企业创业者的样本, 采用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA)进行分析。

本研究发现所有被调查的资本因素都与旅游创业有关, 但只有将它们结合起来才能产生旅游创业。本文揭示了促进乡村旅游创业的四种资本组态, 反映了乡村旅游创业的多元路径。创业者拥有的人力资本和物质资本在旅游创业中发挥着关键作用。

创业者和管理者需要认识到, 有多种路径可以促进乡村目的地的旅游创业。本研究揭示的四种资本组态可以为评估旅游创业的创业潜力和可能性提供指导。在创业资本和资源有限的情况下, 政府和地方管理者应优先支持人力资本和物质资本。

首先, 我们的研究结果通过资本框架加深了对旅游创业影响因素的理解。其次, 本研究发现旅游创业是由资本组态决定的。各种类型资本的存在和相互作用影响着乡村创业。第三, 本文揭示了成功的旅游创业取决于创业者融合各类资本和资源的能力。

Los datos de esta investigación se recopilaron sobre una muestra de 140 propietarios de empresas rurales en China y se analizaron mediante un análisis comparativo cualitativo de conjuntos borrosos (fsQCA).

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la configuración causal de los determinantes del emprendimiento turístico en destinos de turismo rural basados en el marco de capital.

Todos los factores de capital investigados son relevantes para el emprendimiento turístico, aunque solo facilitaron el emprendimiento turístico cuando se han combinado. Además, se observó que cuatro configuraciones de capital promueven el emprendimiento turístico en destinos rurales, destacando los múltiples caminos hacia el emprendimiento turístico rural. Los capitales humano y físico de los emprendedores son clave para el emprendimiento turístico.

Es relevante que los empresarios y gestores se den cuenta de la existencia de múltiples estrategias a la hora de promover el emprendimiento turístico en los destinos rurales. Las cuatro configuraciones de capital reveladas aquí ofrecen pautas para evaluar el potencial y la posibilidad del emprendimiento en turismo rural. Los administradores y gobiernos locales deben priorizar los capitales humanos y físicos cuando el capital de riesgo y los recursos son limitados.

Primero, los hallazgos han profundizado en la comprensión de los factores que influyen en el espíritu empresarial turístico que emplea el marco de capital. En segundo lugar, se revela que las configuraciones de capital determinan el emprendimiento turístico y que la existencia y las interacciones de las diversas formas de capital afectan el emprendimiento rural. En tercer lugar, este estudio revela que el éxito del emprendimiento turístico depende de la capacidad del empresario para combinar las diversas formas de capital y recursos.

The purpose is to show that all uncountable infinite sets are self‐contradictory non‐sets.

A conceptual approach is taken in the paper.

Given the fact that the set N={x|n(x)} of all natural numbers, where n(x)=_df “x is a natural number” is a self‐contradicting non‐set in this paper, the authors prove that in the framework of modern axiomatic set theory ZFC, various uncountable infinite sets are either non‐existent or self‐contradicting non‐sets. Therefore, it can be astonishingly concluded that in both the naive set theory or the modern axiomatic set theory, if any of the actual infinite sets exists, it must be a self‐contradicting non‐set.

The first time in history, it is shown that such convenient notion as the set of all real numbers needs to be reconsidered.

The paper aims to employ a different approach to show that the countable infinite sets are self‐contradictory non‐sets.

The paper discusses the concept.

The concept of infinities in the countable set theory was discussed in Zhu et al. by employing the method of analysis of allowing two different kinds of infinities. What was obtained is that various countable infinite sets, studied in the naïve and modern axiomatic set theories, are all incorrect concepts containing self‐contradictions. In this paper, the authors provide another argument to prove the same conclusion: various countable infinite sets studied in both naïve and modern axiomatic set theories are all specious non‐sets. The argument is given from a different angle on still the same premise of allowing two different concepts of infinities.

The concept of Cauchy theater is introduced.

This paper is the fourth part of the effort to resolve the following two problems that urgently need an answer: how can an appropriate theoretical foundation be chosen for modern mathematics and computer science? And, under what interpretations can modern mathematics and the theory of computer science be kept as completely as possible?

The paper is a conceptual discussion.

The paper lays out the set theoretical foundation for the mathematical system of potential infinities.

This work is the non‐logical axiomatic part of the mathematical system of potential infinities: the axiomatic set theoretic system. At the end, the problem of consistency of this axiomatic set theory is discussed.

Promoting clean heating in rural areas is crucial for achieving a low-carbon transition of energy consumption and China's dual-carbon target. The study aims to consider the energy stacking behavior in heating energy use, reveals the determinants that affect household cleaner heating choices under the winter clean heating plan (WCHP), and proposes policy recommendations for the sustainable promotion of clean heating.

With unique rural household survey data covering the clean heating pilot regions in northern China in 2020, this study estimates the relationship between driving factors and heating energy choices through binary and multivariate probit models.

The regression estimates show that the main drivers of heating energy choices include household income per capita, education level of household head, knowledge of the WCHP, access to heating subsidies and perception of indoor air pollution. There is energy stacking behavior in rural household heating energy use. Household decisions to adopt electricity or clean coal heating are correlated with firewood or soft coal use.

This study is one of the few to investigate the heating energy use of rural households by allowing for the adoption of multiple energy types. Combined with a unique microsurvey dataset, it could provide rich information for formulating proper energy transition planning. The findings also shed light on the importance of heating subsidies, households' knowledge of WCHP and awareness of environmental health in choosing clean heating energy, which has not been fully valued in related research.

The purpose of this paper is to design a lightweight tree-shaped internal support structure for fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printed shell models.

A hybrid of an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and greedy strategy is proposed to address the topology optimization of the tree-shaped support structures, where the improved PSO is different from traditional PSO by integrating the best component of different particles into the global best particle. In addition, different from FEM-based methods, the growing of tree branches is based on a large set of FDM 3D printing experiments.

The proposed improved PSO and its combination with a greedy strategy is effective in reducing the volume of the tree-shaped support structures. Through comparison experiments, it is shown that the results of the proposed method outperform the results of recent works.

The proposed approach requires the derivation of the function of the yield length of a branch in terms of a set of critical parameters (printing speed, layer thickness, materials, etc.), which is to be used in growing the tree branches. This process requires a large number of printing experiments. To speed up this process, the users can print a dozen of branches on a single build platform. Thereafter, the users can always use the function for the fabrication of the 3D models.

The proposed approach is useful for the designers and manufacturers to save materials and printing time in fabricating the shell models using the FDM technique; although the target is to minimize the volume of internal support structures, it is also applicable to the exterior support structures, and it can be adapted to the design of the tree-shaped support structures for other AM techniques such as SLA and SLM.

This paper is the third part of the effort to resolve the following two problems, which urgently need an answer: how can an appropriate theoretical foundation be chosen for modern mathematics and computer science? And, under what interpretations can modern mathematics and the theory of computer science be kept as completely as possible?

The paper is a conceptual discussion of the metatheory.

The paper establishes the metatheory of the logical foundation for the mathematical system of potential infinities.

The authors prove the relevant results on the reliability and the completeness of the logical system.

This is the second part of the effort to resolve the following two problems that badly need an answer: how can an appropriate theoretical foundation be chosen for modern mathematics and computer science? And, under what interpretations can modern mathematics and the theory of computer science be kept as completely as possible?

The paper sets out the foundation for the system.

Here, the logical foundation for the mathematical system of potential infinities is given.

The logical calculus, which will be used as the tool of deduction in the PIMS, is established. This new tool of reasoning is a modification of the classical two‐value logical calculus system.

This paper aims to address the longitudinal control problem for person-following robots (PFRs) for the implementation of this technology.

Nine representative car-following models are analyzed from PFRs application and the linear model and optimal velocity model/full velocity difference model are qualified and selected in the PFR control.

A lab PFR with the bar-laser-perception device is developed and tested in the field, and the results indicate that the proposed models perform well in normal person-following scenarios.

This study fills a gap in the research on PRFs longitudinal control and provides a useful and practical reference on PFRs longitudinal control for the related research.

The paper aims to use a third method to show that the system of natural numbers is inconsistent.

A conceptual approach is taken.

Without directly employing the concepts of potential and actual infinities, the authors show that the concept of the set N={x|n(x)}, where n(x)=_def “x is a natural number” of all natural numbers is a self‐contradicting, incorrect concept.

The paper shows the system of natural numbers to be inconsistent.