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(1) A mathematical model for the Hybrid nanofluids flow is used as carriers for delivering drugs. (2) The flow conditions are controlled to enable drug-loaded nanofluids to flow through the smaller gap between the two tubes. (3) Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) made from silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are analyzed for applications of drug delivery. (Ag) and (TiO₂) (NPs) are suitable candidates for cancer treatment due to their excellent biocompatibility, high photoactivity, and low toxicity. (4) The new strategy of artificial neural networks (ANN) is used which is machine-based and more prominent in validation, and comparison with other techniques.

The two Tubes are settled in such a manner that the gap between them is uniform. The Control Volume Finite Element Method; Rk-4 and Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

(1) From the obtained results it is observed that the dispersion and distribution of drug-loaded nanoparticles within the body will be improved by the convective motion caused by hybrid nanofluids. The effectiveness and uniformity of drug delivery to target tissues or organs is improved based on the uniform flow and uniform gap. (2) The targeting efficiency of nanofluids is further improved with the addition of the magnetic field. (3) The size of the cylinders, and flow rate, are considered uniform to optimize the drug delivery.

(1)The flow phenomena is considered laminar, one can use the same idea through a turbulent flow case. (2) The gap is considered uniform and will be interesting if someone extends the idea as non-uniform.

(1) To deliver drugs to the targeted area, a suitable mathematical model is required. (2) The analysis of hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) derived from silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles is conducted for the purpose of drug delivery. The biocompatibility, high photoactivity, and low toxicity of (Ag) and (TiO₂) (NPs) make them ideal candidates for cancer treatment. (3) Machine-based artificial neural networks (ANN) have a new strategy that is more prominent in validation compared to other techniques.

The drug delivery model is a useful strategy for new researchers. (1) They can extend this idea using a non-uniform gap. (2) The flow is considered uniform, the new researchers can extend the idea using a turbulent case. (3) Other hybrid nanofluids flow, in the same model for other industrial usages are possible.

All the obtained results are new. The experimental thermophysical results are used from the existing literature and references are provided.

This study aims to examine the relationship between tie strength and poor asnaf student’s normative commitment and its impact on behaviour.

A sample of 129 poor asnaf students participated in this study. SMART-PLS 3.2.8 was used to analyse the data.

The findings show that the tie strength dimension (trust, emotional intensity, mutual confiding and relational exchange) positively relates to poor asnaf student’s normative commitment. Also, the result shows that poor asnaf students’ normative commitment is positively related to recipient behaviour.

This study focuses on poor asnaf students receiving zakat financial education aid.

The findings provide valuable information on the factors that encourage poor asnaf students’ normative commitment. Related parties, such as the zakat institution, could use these findings to plan further action to enhance the poor asnaf student’s normative commitment and behaviour.

The study showed that the social tie strength framework could be used to determine the variables affecting poor asnaf student’s normative commitment and behaviour.

Drawing on the resource-based view, ecological modernization theory and upper-echelon theory, this study aims to explore how green manufacturing practices (GMGP) affect the sustainable performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

It also examines the mediating role of green innovation (GIN) and the moderating role of managerial discretion (MD). To test the hypothesized model, the data was collected from 394 manufacturing SMEs though survey and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS (SEM).

The results provide evidence for the positive relationship between GMGP and corporate sustainable performance (CSPR), mediated by GIN. Furthermore, the presence of MD enhances the positive effect of GMGP on CSPR through GIN. Thus, this study enhances the understanding of the relationship between GMGP and CSPR, including its underlying mechanism and conditional effects.

This study collected sample from SMEs located in Punjab province of Pakistan which represents majority of the SMEs; however, future research can take data from other province and with large sample size.

The findings highlight the significance of GMGP and GIN in the manufacturing sector for attaining CSPR goals. GMGP guides business leaders to be more inclined toward the energy and resource consumption as well as waste generation within their organizations which lead to improved CSPR outcomes.

The findings of this study make significant contributions to the existing literature, shedding light on the dynamics between GMGP and CSPR. Moreover, the study offers managerial implications for organizations aiming to enhance their sustainable performance by implementing effective GMGP.

Drawing on affective events theory (AET), this study aims to examine how green human resource management (GHRM) practices influence employees' environmental commitment (EEC) and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) through the mediating role of harmonious environmental passion (HEP).

Time-lagged and multisource data were collected from employee–coworker dyads (n = 231) working in manufacturing companies. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Results revealed that GHRM practices predicted both EEC and OCBE significantly. Further, HEP partially mediated the relationship of GHRM practices with EEC and OCBE.

This study provides new insights towards the unattended affective processes that underlie the link between GHRM practices and green employee outcomes through a coherent theoretical lens of AET. It spotlights that implementing GHRM practices as a strategic choice helps evoke HEP among employees, which is an essential determinant of employees' eco-friendly attitude and behavior.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of knowledge management (KM) practices on innovation performance. It also examines whether organisational creativity and organizational learning mediate the relationship between KM practices and innovation performance.

The study uses a quantitative method by surveying (n = 291) hotel employees from Malaysia using self-administered questionnaires. Data collected were analysed by using partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings reveal that KM positively impacts innovation performance among Malaysian hospitality workers. This study further reveals that organisational learning and organisational creativity significantly mediate the relationship between KM and innovation performance.

Theoretically, this study establishes how KM practices influence innovation performance. Organizations that practice organizational learning and creativity are more likely to benefit from increased innovation outcomes through KM practices.