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This study aims to use deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn the conduction heat transfer physics and estimate temperature distribution images in a physical domain without using any physical model or mathematical governing equation.

Two novel DNNs capable of learning the conduction heat transfer physics were defined. The first DNN (U-Net autoencoder residual network [UARN]) was designed to extract local and global features simultaneously. In the second DNN, a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) was used to enhance the accuracy of UARN, which is referred to as CGUARN. Then, novel loss functions, introduced based on outlier errors, were used to train the DNNs.

A UARN neural network could learn the physics of heat transfer. Within a few epochs, it reached mean and outlier errors that other DNNs could never reach after many epochs. The composite outlier-mean error as a loss function showed excellent performance in training DNNs for physical images. A UARN could excellently capture local and global features of conduction heat transfer, whereas the composite error could accurately guide DNN to extract high-level information by estimating temperature distribution images.

This study offers a unique approach to estimating physical information, moving from traditional mathematical and physical models to machine learning approaches. Developing novel DNNs and loss functions has shown promising results, opening up new avenues in heat transfer physics and potentially other fields.

The purpose of this study is to examine the standards, strategies, support and challenges of digital preservation in institutional repositories in academic libraries in Ghana.

The research was qualitative. Data used for analysis were drawn from interviews with respondents selected purposively from eight Ghanaian academic libraries.

A key finding of the study was that although the academic libraries had operational directions for digital preservation activities in the institutional repositories, available standards and practices for ensuring long-term preservation seem to be unsuitable.

Recommendations based on findings included development of comprehensive digital preservation policies to provide mandate and direction to preservation of the libraries digital collections, development of disaster plans, adequate funding, staff development and support from management.

The study has demonstrated the need for academic libraries in Ghana to have and develop good digital preservation standards for sustaining the institutional repositories to help in realizing its benefits.

This study investigated how students of the Faculties of Humanities and Education and Social Sciences at a Caribbean University sought information during the COVID-19 pandemic, identified challenges they experienced in seeking information for academic tasks and how satisfied they were with the Library's provision of electronic resources and services during this period.

A quantitative survey design was adopted for this study. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.

This study revealed that undergraduates relied upon lecture notes to complete assignments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Undergraduate students have developed a definite information-seeking pattern, which did not change during the pandemic. They tend to use information channels that require the least effort. Postgraduate students used a variety of Library information channels but primarily used electronic journals. On the whole, students experienced challenges while seeking information via the channels provided by the Library. Students were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the Library's provision of electronic resources and services.

The study used non-probability sampling and only included students from two faculties at one university. As a result, the findings may not be generalized to the entire student population or all Caribbean universities.

The results of this study can be used to identify the difficulties students are having in accessing information from the Library and gauge service delivery.

This paper contributes to the scholarship from the Caribbean written to show whether students' information-seeking behaviour changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present study focused on information literacy education through a unique research lens, i.e. the Delphi process in developing countries. The primary aim of the study is to formulate an information literacy framework for higher education.

In total 13 experts from the field, including academicians and practitioners, were invited to build consensus on the components of an information literacy curriculum for library and information sciences or management postgraduate students.

The Delphi process was completed in three reasonable rounds to build consensus on eight information literacy course units, including computer, research, critical, information, domain-specific knowledge and copyright literacies in line with learning and communication skills. The panelists considered computer, research and critical literacies as the most significant components of an information literacy curriculum for postgraduates.

The proposed framework of information literacy curriculum may have considerable implications for educators, practitioners and researchers.

The study is unique as it focuses on developing a contextual and comprehensive information literacy education framework for information professionals.

This paper aims to carry out a literature review on the implementation of digital preservation policies, strategies and actions by institutional repositories. The objective is to identify, out of the published experiences, at which level they are fulfilling the function of ensuring the long-term availability of the deposited materials.

Using a systematic literature review methodology, a total of 21 articles from international refereed journals published between 2009 and 2020 are reviewed.

The research production on this subject is very limited. The scarce number of published articles proves that the interest of repository managers has been focused on issues other than to assure the long-term availability of the assets they store. The literature review has not found clear evidence about how institutional repositories are implementing digital preservation. It is particularly striking the lack of works focused on the situation in European countries. More field studies are needed. They would allow to extract conclusions and produce best practices to help managers to improve preservation strategies.

This study has shown that one of the main functions of repositories is not being dealt with as promised by repository managers. More work in this area is needed. In particular, it is necessary for a study at the European level to gather detailed data that will allow to draw a portrait of the current situation, extract conclusions and produce best practices to help managers to improve or develop preservation strategies.

The purpose of this study is to synthesize empirical research on the correlates of Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) accreditation.

The authors performed keyword searches across 132 criminal justice, policing, and public administration journals to identify peer-reviewed articles that examine the relationship between CALEA accreditation and any output or outcome. Two keyword searches were utilized “commission on accreditation for law enforcement agencies” and “commission on accreditation of law enforcement agencies” in the event that authors misnamed the accrediting body. Only quantitative articles that utilized inferential statistics were included in the sample given that the authors aimed to assess the relationship between CALEA law enforcement accreditation and outputs and outcomes.

Overall, there is a paucity of research on the relationship between CALEA accreditation and outputs and outcomes. Only nineteen, peer-reviewed, studies that utilize inferential statistics have been published on the topic as of the end of 2021. The largest number of studies explore the relationship between CALEA accreditation and community-oriented policing and gender representation. Given the dearth of quantitative studies on CALEA accreditation, and the lack of studies using experimental or quasi-experimental designs, current findings on the topic should not be viewed as proof of cause and effect relationships but as correlations.

This article represents the first systematic review of the correlates of CALEA accreditation.

The purpose of this study is to develop new biodegradable magnesium alloy. Magnesium possesses similar mechanical properties to natural bone; it is a potential candidate for resorbable implant applications. However, in physiological conditions, the degradation rate of Mg is too high to be used as an implant material.

In this research, Zn, Sr and Ca were chosen as alloying elements; a coating was deposited on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by means of a biomimetic technique. The corrosion rates of the uncoated and coated specimens were tested in simulated body fluid.

The hydroxyapatite coating formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface and the hydroxyapatite layer markedly decreased the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy.

A homogenous hydroxyapatite coating was formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by using a biomimetic coating technique. The biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating markedly reduced the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy, and the largest decrease in wastage rate was 44 per cent.