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This study aims to address fundamental questions surrounding accountability within village fund management (VFM) and reporting systems in Indonesia by comparing the number of anomalous data entries with the actual village funds using the VFM data for all Indonesian villages during the period 2018–2020.

The research presents a pioneering methodology for assessing village fund accountability by analyzing data from all Indonesian villages and using investigative journalism and qualitative analysis. It integrates data from various sources, including government regulations, previous investigations, literature, interviews, etc.

This research highlights global challenges in development and governance, revealing common issues such as poor management of village funds and the need for strengthened institutional protection enforcement. Referring to the institutional theory, the authors demonstrate how institutional structures influence community behaviors, emphasizing the importance of regulatory frameworks to prevent misuse of public resources and maintain transparency and accountability across various socio-economic and political contexts.

This study emphasizes the necessity for more transparent and accountable fund management practices and calls for broader consideration of implications beyond government impact.

This research provides insights for international stakeholders to strengthen their public financial systems, through rigorous monitoring and comprehensive reporting systems.

This study provides the most comprehensive sample comprising all villages in Indonesia that receive village funds and measures the use of village funds based on all village-level disbursements, representing unprecedented research using this form of data.

The purpose of this study is to examine the changing political orientation of Air Tiris, Kampar, Riau community towards Islamic political parties in general elections; to analyze the factors that influenced the political orientation of Air Tiris community in general elections; and to realize the political rights of the society including Air Tiris community.

The subject in this study is the political orientation of the Air Tiris community in the 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014 general elections with a period of research from 2009 to 2016. This qualitative research method consists of sources, data collection, informants, data collection techniques, data analysis and processing and writing systematics.

The results of the research indicate that there are three dominant factors affecting the change in the political orientation of the Air Tiris community towards Islamic political parties characterized by the deterioration of vote acquisition for Islamic political parties in Air Tiris village in 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014 general elections. The weakening of the link between religious identity and voting behaviour, as well as the weakening of political movement. The identification or loyalty of the santri community towards Islamic parties has faded.

The originality of this research lies in the analysis of the political orientation of Air Tiris, Kampar, Riau community, in general, elections towards Islamic political parties. Traditionally, this community has more political orientation on religious/Islamic political parties but such orientation experiences developments and changes that lead to non-Islamic parties. This research contains new information about the analysis of the political orientation of Air Tiris, Kampar, Riau community in the general election of Islamic political parties.